Session High and Low IndicatorThis script is meant for stocks that have a pre-market session. It is meant to be used on the 1 min time frame. This script will draw a green line at the high of pre-market, and a red line at the low of pre-market and extend these lines across the regular session day
This makes it easy to see if price action during regular market has broken above pre-market high or broken below pre-market low.
The high/low skips any quick spikes in price action (similar to what happens at 8:30 am every day).
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Gann High Low StrategyGann High Low is a moving average based trend indicator consisting of two different simple moving averages.
The Gann High Low Activator Indicator was described by Robert Krausz in a 1998 issue of Stocks & Commodities Magazine. It is a simple moving average SMA of the previous n period's highs or lows.
The indicator tracks both curves (of the highs and the lows). The close of the bar defines which of the two gets plotted.
Currency Pairs High Low RangeIndicator gives the High-Low range of 18 currency pairs. There is a High Ave which is the average of the top four (you may need to adjust which ones are in the average) as well as the bottom four Low Ave. The picture is of a weekly chart with the indicator set at 12 week average of the High-Low range with a .7 (70%) multiplier. When I am looking for week long trades with lots of movement I pick my pairs based on the most actives with a 70% capture of the range as a guide line of when to exit. Sometime when I am not in the mood for volatility I go with the ones in the Low Ave area. Further, when I day trade I set the indicator to a 1Day chart and move the percent to 20% or 30% as a guideline to tell when to get out of a trade.
Pre Market High/Low LevelsPre Market High & Pre Market Low By Jadra
Pre Market High/Low Levels Indicator
This indicator automatically identifies pre-market high and low levels (4:00-9:30 AM ET) and marks them with blue horizontal lines that extend throughout the entire trading session. Perfect for NYSE and NASDAQ traders who use these key levels as support and resistance. Features color-coded backgrounds: yellow for pre-market, transparent for regular hours, and blue for post-market. Lines remain visible from pre-market through market close, providing constant visual references for making trading decisions based on these important psychological levels. Essential tool for day traders focusing on overnight price action and gap analysis in US equity markets.
2:45 AM Candle High/Low Crossing Bars2:45 AM Candle High/Low Crossing Bars is an indicator that focuses on the trading view 2:45am NY TIME high and low indicating green for buy and red bars for sell, with the 2:45am new york time highlight/ If the next candle sweeps the low we buy while if it sweeps the high we sell, all time zoon must be the new York UTC time.
Inside Bar with High/LowInside Bar with High/Low
The indicator plots horizontal mid line between two Inside bars with High / Low with Multi Time Frame Selection by the user which can be traded in trending markets in the direction of the trend, when traded this way they are typically referred to as a ‘Breakout Play’ or an inside bar ‘Price Action Breakout Pattern’ They can also be traded counter-trend, typically from ‘Key Chart Levels’ , when traded this way they are often referred to as ‘Inside Bar Reversals’ .
The classic entry for an inside bar signal is to place a buy stop or sell stop at the high or low of the mother bar, and then when price breakouts above or below the mother bar, your entry order is filled with best time frame preferably more than 1 hour.
Stop loss placement is typically at the opposite end of the mother bar, or it can be placed near the mother bar halfway point (50% level), typically if the mother bar is larger than average.
It’s worth noting that these are the ‘classic’ or standard entry and stop loss placements for an inside bar setup is a useful tool for traders looking to identify potential reversals using the 20/50 EMA and candlestick patterns. However, like any trading tool, it should be used in conjunction with other indicators and analysis techniques for better accuracy
And also this tool is especially useful for day traders who want to track price action during specific times of the day and make informed decisions based on market behavior with more than 60 minutes period
As always, back testing and customization are recommended to optimize performance across different market conditions
In the end, experienced traders may decide on other entries or stop loss placements as they see fit.
Please remember that this indicator is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice
JL - DWM OHLCThis indicator plots the following price levels on your chart automatically AND will not show up if you are using a timeframe bigger than 60 minutes, 1 day, or 1 week.
Here are the price levels that are automatically plotted for you, and so you know the styling is different for Daily, Weekly, Monthly levels so you can easily distinguish between them:
- Prior Day: High / Low / Close
- Current Day: Open
- Prior Week: High / Low / Close
- Current Week: Open
- Prior Month: High / Low / Close
- Current Month: Open
These plots are timeframe dependent and will not plot on subsequently higher timeframes, here is how they work:
Daily Price Levels are only shown on timeframes that are smaller than 60 minutes.
Weekly Price Levels are only shown on timeframes smaller than 1 Day.
Monthly Price Levels are only shown on timeframes smaller than 1 Week.
This way, you can turn on the indicator and not have to think about turning off certain price levels if you switch to a larger / longer timeframe than what you typically use.
For example, Daily OHLC price levels will quickly clutter the 60 minute chart, and likely you don't need to know the HLC of the Prior Day if you are looking at the 60 minute chart. Therefor it may be helpful to automatically hide the Daily price level plots, and only show the Weekly and Monthly plots on the 60 minute timeframe.
I hope you find this indicator helpful, thanks for reading.
[volfgang] Pivot Levels (Open, Close, High, Low)This script provides a clear and consistent way to track key price levels from Weekly and Daily bars, directly on your current chart interval.
The default colours are;
Today & This Week Open = White
Yesterday & Previous Week Open = Cream
Yesterday's High = Red
Yesterday's Low = Green
Weekly Pivots are 2px, and Daily Pivots are 1px.
Instead of requiring manual referencing of daily or weekly charts, these significant levels are automatically drawn and updated in real time, extending to the right as new bars form.
It adds value by helping traders quickly identify potential support/resistance zones and compare intraday price action with higher-timeframe pivots. This approach can aid in scalping, day trading, or swing trading strategies that rely on past price levels for trade entries, exits, or stop loss placement.
Daily Pivots Displayed Intraday
The script imports the previous day’s High, Low, Open, and Close and draws lines on the current chart, so you can see exactly where those levels lie on any intraday timeframe. You can easily change the colour of these lines in the menu.
Instead of switching between multiple charts for daily references, you can keep an intraday chart open and still watch how price behaves around these important daily pivots.
Weekly Pivots for Broader Context
In addition to daily levels, it also shows the previous week’s Open and Close. This feature helps traders who want to maintain a broader perspective and gauge the market’s weekly trend or bias while remaining on lower timeframes.
Automatic Line & Label Management
Each new trading day triggers a “session change” in the code, prompting the script to delete old lines and labels for daily levels. This keeps your chart from getting cluttered with outdated lines.
Weekly lines and labels follow the same approach, ensuring only the most recent weekly levels are highlighted.
Real-Time Extension
Lines are continuously extended to the right as new bars print, ensuring that you always have an updated view of your key price levels without any manual adjustments.
On the last bar, the script shifts to a time-based coordinate system for seamless visual extension.
Minimal Recalculation
This script uses security() calls in a carefully optimized way to reduce unnecessary recalculations and avoid repaint issues. By referencing open , close , etc., the lines remain fixed once the daily (or weekly) candle is confirmed.
Flexible Usage
You can apply this script to any symbol on TradingView. It’s especially beneficial for Forex pairs, indices, futures, or cryptocurrencies where you want to track significant past levels.
If you’re a scalper looking for areas of likely reaction, or a swing trader watching weekly opens for trend confirmation, these levels can be integral to your technical approach.
How to Use
Add to Chart: Click the “Add to Favorite Indicators” or “Apply to Chart” button once published.
Enable or Disable Previous Day Bars: Use the script’s input to toggle the display of previous day’s High, Low, Open, and Close lines if you only want weekly lines (or vice versa).
Customize Visuals: You can change line colors, width, and label text in the “Style” or “Inputs” tab. Adjust them to fit your preferred color scheme.
Interpretation:
Daily levels typically carry relevance for the next trading session. They can be used for intraday support/resistance, breakout checks, or gap fills.
Weekly levels help identify more prominent zones for bigger moves or for understanding overall sentiment from the prior week.
Conceptual Underpinnings
Support/Resistance: Past opens/closes often act as support or resistance because they represent important points of reference (where trading started or ended during a prior session).
Market Psychology: Many traders watch daily or weekly closes to gauge momentum and bias, which can become self-fulfilling as more participants join around those levels.
Improved Situational Awareness: By having these levels automatically drawn and updated, traders avoid missing critical areas where price may pivot.
This script is intentionally open-source to help traders study and personalize it.
By merging daily and weekly pivot concepts in a single script, it provides a convenient and efficient tool—rather than a simple mashup, it unifies two timeframes that are crucial in short-term and medium-term trading decisions.
Remember that these levels alone do not constitute a complete trading system; they are best used as part of a broader strategy involving risk management, additional technical signals, and market context.
Swing High/Low Pivots Strategy [LV]The Swing High/Low Pivots Strategy was developed as a counter-momentum trading tool.
The strategy is suitable for any market and the default values used in the input settings menu are set for Bitcoin (best on 15min). These values, expressed in minimum ticks (or pips if symbol is Forex) make this tool perfectly adaptable to every symbol and/or timeframe.
Check tooltips in the settings menu for more details about every user input.
STRTEGY ENTRY & EXIT MECHANISMS:
Trades Entry based on the detection of swing highs and lows for short and long entries respectively, validated by:
- Limit orders placed after each new pivot level confirmation
- Moving averages trend filter (if enabled)
- No active trade currently open
Trades Exit when the price reaches take-profit or stop-loss level as defined in the settings menu. A double entry/second take-profit level can be enabled for partial exits, with dynamic stop-loss adjustment for the remaining position.
Enhanced Trade Precision:
By limiting entries to confirmed swing high (HH, LH) or swing low (HL, LL) pivot points, the strategy ensures that trades occur at levels of significant price reversals. This precision reduces the likelihood of entering trades in the midst of a trend or during uncertain price action.
Risk Management Optimization:
The strategy incorporates clearly defined stop-loss (SL) and take-profit (TP) levels derived from the pivot points. This structured approach minimizes potential losses while locking in profits, which is critical for consistent performance in volatile markets.
Trend Filtering for Better Entry:
The use of a configurable moving average filter adds a layer of trend validation. This prevents entering trades against the dominant market trend, increasing the probability of success for each trade.
Avoidance of Noise:
The lookback period (length parameter) confirms pivots only after a set number of bars, effectively filtering out market noise and ensuring that entries are based on reliable, well-defined price movements.
Adaptability Across Markets:
The strategy is versatile and can be applied across different markets (Forex, stocks, crypto) due to its dynamic use of ticks and pips converters. It adapts seamlessly to varying price scales and asset types.
Dual Quantity Entries:
The original and optionnal double-entry mechanism allows traders to capture both short-term and extended profits by scaling out of positions. This adaptive approach caters to varying risk appetites and market conditions.
Clear Visualization:
The plotted pivot points, entry limits, SL, and TP levels provide visual clarity, making it easy for traders to track the strategy's behavior and make informed decisions.
Automated Execution with Alerts:
Integrated alerts for both entries and exits ensure timely actions without the need for constant market monitoring, enhancing efficiency. Configurable alert messages are suitable for API use.
Any feedback, comments, or suggestions for improvement are always welcome.
Hope you enjoy!
Average High-Low Multi Time Frame Lines SunilTitle: Multi-Timeframe Average High-Low Levels with Custom Timeframes
Description:
This indicator calculates the average of high and low prices across up to four customizable timeframes. By default, it includes 30 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, and 1 day, but you can modify these directly in the input settings to suit your trading strategy.
Features:
Plots average high-low levels for selected timeframes with distinct colors.
Highlights buy zones (green) when the price is above all levels and sell zones (red) when the price is below all levels.
Marks areas where all levels align with a subtle blue background.
Use this tool to identify key levels and potential trading opportunities across multiple timeframes at a glance!
Higher Timeframe Open High Low ClosePURPOSE
1. Multi-timeframe analysis (MTFA).
2. Better visualize intraday price action relative higher timeframe price action, and this is not limited to the current time frame or the higher time frame including current price movement.
3. Higher Timeframes provides an overview of the long-term trend (e.g., weekly or monthly charts).
4. Confirm trends occurring on more than one timeframe.
5. Improve choice of entry and exit points.
ORIGINALITY
1. Compare current lower time frame price movement to current or previous higher time frame movement. The user specifies in the settings the higher time frame (day, week, month, quarter, or year) and the associated price movement data, including OHLC, average prices, and moving average levels.
2. Previous time frames and all specified levels (OHLC, average prices, and moving averages) can be shifted together to overlay the current time frame. This allows analysis of lower/intraday price movement against that of any past higher time frames.
3. Use: In the settings, the current time frame (i.e., that including current price movement) 'count from current' is '0', a count of '1' would shift one higher level time frame such that the open date of that shifted time frame aligns with the open date of the current time frame. A count of '3' would shift three higher level time frames to align with the current."
4. Example: On the Wednesday July 24 intraday chart, overlay the daily OHLC, typical price, and 10-day EMA data occurring at the close of Wednesday July 17. This allows analyze current price movement against data from one week prior.
HIGHER TIMEFRAME DATA that can be PLOTTED and SHIFTED
1. Open, High, Low, Close.
2. Average prices: Median (HL/2), Typical (HLC/3), (Average OHLC/4), Body Median (OC/2), Weighted Close (HL2C/4), Biased 01 (HC/2 if Close > Open, else LC/2), Biased 02 (High if Close > HL/2, else Low), Biased 03 (High if Close > Open, else Low).
3. Moving averages with user specified source, length and type.
Open High Low Close [UkutaLabs]█ OVERVIEW
The Open High Low Close indicator is a powerful trading tool which generates resistance and support levels based on the previous day’s Open, High, Low and Close prices. These levels may act as strong levels of support and resistance, granting traders insight into key price levels.
The aim of this script is to simplify the trading experience of users by automatically identifying and displaying price levels that they should be aware of.
█ USAGE
At the beginning of each trading day, the script will automatically identify the previous day’s high, low, open and close prices. After identifying these levels, the script will then display them as a line on the chart.
Each line also has a label at the end indicating which level it represents. These labels can be toggled in the indicator's settings.
These levels are based on relevant price-action information and may serve as potentially powerful Support and Resistance levels that can be included in a variety of trading strategies.
█ SETTINGS
Configuration
• Show Labels: Determines whether or not identification labels are drawn on each line.
• Display Mode: Determines the number of days the script should load.
• OHLC Color: Determines the color of the lines and labels.
Previous and Premarket High/Low IndicatorDescription:
The "Previous and Premarket High/Low" indicator is designed to help traders identify key levels during the premarket, postmarket, and regular trading sessions. It highlights the highest and lowest prices during the premarket session and the previous trading day, providing critical levels for intraday trading strategies.
Features:
Customizable Display Settings: Users can adjust the colors, line styles, and line widths for the premarket and previous day high/low levels.
Session Labels: Clear labels indicating premarket and postmarket sessions for easy identification.
Alerts: Set alerts for significant price movements, such as new highs or lows during premarket and previous trading sessions.
Zigzag Chart Points█ OVERVIEW
This indicator displays zigzag based on high and low using latest pine script version 5 , chart.point which using time, index and price as parameters.
Pretty much a strip down using latest pine script function, without any use of library .
This allow pine script user to have an idea of simplified and cleaner code for zigzag.
█ CREDITS
LonesomeTheBlue
█ FEATURES
1. Label can be show / hide including text can be resized.
2. Hover to label, can see tooltip will show price and time.
3. Tooltip will show date and time for hourly timeframe and below while show date only for day timeframe and above.
█ NOTES
1. I admit that chart.point just made the code much more cleaner and save more time. I previously using user-defined type(UDT) which quite hassle.
2. I have no plan to extend this indicator or include alert just I thinking to explore log.error() and runtime.error() , which I may probably release in other publications.
█ HOW TO USE'
Pretty much similar inside mentioned references, which previously I created.
█ REFERENCES
1. Zigzag Array Experimental
2. Simple Zigzag UDT
3. Zig Zag Ratio Simplified
4. Cyclic RSI High Low With Noise Filter
5. Auto AB=CD 1 to 1 Ratio Experimental
Realtime Daily High Low Half Quarter BoxOverview
This indicator offers real-time updates for daily high and low prices, addressing the issue of expanding plots in traditional daily high-low indicators.
It plots daily high, low, 1/2, and 1/4 price levels as horizontal lines.
It adds a vertical line at the center of the daily candle.
You can customize the indicator's background color for bullish and bearish days.
It extends horizontal lines until the daily candle switches.
This indicator is not compatible with second-by-second data.
Due to Pine Script's object drawing limitations, there is a restriction on how many days back the price lines can be drawn.
概要
このインジケーターは、従来の日足の高値・安値プロットの問題を解決し、リアルタイムでの更新を提供します。これにより、プロットが広がっていく現象が回避されます。
インジケーターは、日足の高値、安値、1/2、1/4の価格レベルを水平線で表示します。
一日の中央の時間に垂直線を追加します。
日足が陽線と陰線のいずれかに応じて、背景色をカスタマイズできます。
インジケーターは日足が切り替わるバーまで水平線を延長します。
このインジケーターは秒足データには対応していません。
Pine Scriptのオブジェクト描画数の制限により、価格ラインの描画が遡れる日数に制限があります。
Monday Session High/LowThis script tracks and draw the High and the Low for Monday session across the whole week period.
Many crypto traders use the high and low extremes for Monday session as an confluence on how the price action during the week reacts against it.
Visible Range Streaks of Unbroken Prior Highs/Lows [vnhilton](OVERVIEW)
This indicator keeps track of the number of unbroken prior highs/lows (unbroken being no price closes above/below the prior high/low). Great for entries and take profits. The indicator calculates on visible bars for convenience when looking back into the history without having to use bar replay, which those on the TradingView free plan cannot use intraday bar replay, so the visible range is a perfect work-around. The 2 minute chart above shows NASDAQ:NKLA on Thursday 13th July, 2023, with a significant level of $1.5 leading to a breakout. Streaks lower than 10 were hidden in the chart.
(FEATURES)
- Custom minimum streak size to start displaying plots (the smaller the size the more signals)
- Ability to show/hide numbers (that keep count of unbroken streaks), text signals (for when a streak is broken), break shapes (where the prior high/low was broken), and Zig Zag (lines between break shapes)
- Customisable Zig Zag line width, style, and colours (1 colour for a positive gradient line, and another for a negative gradient line)
- Customisable text signal text
- Customisable numbers, text signal, break shape, number label & text signal label colours
- Customisable number label, text signal label and break shape styles and sizes (number and text signal label share the same size)
Open High Low StrategyThis is a very simple, yet effective and to some extend widely followed scalping strategy to capture the underling sentiments of the counter whether it will go up or down.
What is it?
This is Open-High-Low (OLH) strategy.
As you already aware of Candlestick patterns, there is patterns called as Marubozu patterns where the sell wick or buy wick either ceases to exists (or very small). This is exactly in the same principle.
In OLH strategy: The buy signal appears when the Open Price is the Low Price. It means if you draw the candlestick, there is no bottom wick. So after the opening of the candle, the demand drives the price up to the level, some selling may or may not come and closes in green. This indicates a strong upward biasness of the underlying counter.
Similarly, a sell signal appears when the Open price is the High Price. It means there is no upper wick. So there is no buying pressure, since the opening of the candle, sellers are in force and pulls down the price to a closing.
This strategy generates the signal at the close of the candle (technically barstate.isconfirmed). Because until the bar is real-time there is no option to know the final closing or high. So you will see the bar on which it generates the buy or sell signal is actually indicates the previous bar as OLH bar.
To determine the Stop-Loss, it uses the most widely known SL calculation of:
For buy signal, it takes the low of the last 7 candles and substract the ATR (Average True Range) of 14-period.
For sell signal, it takes the high of the last 7 candles and add it to the ATR (Average True Range) of 14-period.
One can plot the SL lines as dotted green and red lines as well to see visually.
Default Risk:Reward is 1:2, Can be customizable.
What is Unique?
Of course the utter simplistic nature of this strategy is it's key point. Very easy and intuitive to understand.
There are awesome strategies in this forum that talks about the various indicators combinations and what not.
Instead of all this, in a 15m NSE:NIFTY chart, it generates a good ~ 47% profit-factor with 1:2 Risk Reward ratio. Means if you loose a trade you will loose 1% of account and if you win you will gain 2%. Means 3 trades (2 profits and 1 loss) in a trading session result 3% overall gain for the day. (Assuming you are ready with 1% draw down of your account per trade, at max).
Disclaimer:
This piece of software does not come up with any warrantee or any rights of not changing it over the future course of time.
We are not responsible for any trading/investment decision you are taking out of the outcome of this indicator.
Pivot Points High Low & Missed Reversal Levels [LuxAlgo]Pivot Points High/Low, sometimes referred to as "Bar Count Reversals" allows highlighting market prices local tops and bottoms. This method compares the price value at a certain index within a user-specified window length and tests whether it is the highest (pivot high) or lowest (pivot low).
This method can return successive pivots of the same type, thus missing certain reversals, as such, we aimed to highlight those missed reversals and provide a level at their location to determine if they had any significant role to play. A zig-zag is additionally built, connecting regular pivots with missed reversals.
Settings
Pivot Length: Determine the "Bar Count Reversals" window size. higher values will highlight more significant reversals.
Other settings control the look of the displayed graphical elements within the indicator.
Usage
Missed reversals are highlighted by labels with a ghost emoji, a Zig-Zag line connecting a missed reversal is dashed. Note that labels are offset by -Pivot Length bars (with the exception of the most recent one), and as such are detected further ahead of their location.
When a missed reversal is detected, a level is displayed, starting at the location of the missed reversal and ending when a new missed reversal is detected.
These levels can be used as support and resistance.
The most recent label estimates the possible location of a confirmed reversal, and will continuously readjust whether price makes a new higher high/lower low depending on the type of previously detected pivot. A level is also made out of this estimated reversal.
Sessions with High/Low DiffThe main purpose of this indicator is to facilitate backtesting, but it may also be useful for traders to easily identify the current
active/open trading sessions on lower-timeframe charts.
This indicator also tracks the session high/low difference and plots it as a label on the last candle of the session once the last
bar of that session has finished printing and a new candle opened. The position and direction of the label is based on the
session open and close - if the session open is greater than the session close (which would equate to the equivalent of a red candle),
the label will be printed UNDER the last candle, and vice versa if the session close is above the session open.
The number printed inside the label is the difference between the session high and the session low, scaled to the minimum tick value of the chart.
Note #1: There is a Pinescript maximum of 500 labels allowed on any chart. While I could have gotten fancy and done some wizardry with label arrays,
I didn't really see a point to it. If labels are enabled for all 4 sessions at the same time, that would still have them available for the past 125
sessions, which would be about 6 months (approx 252 trading days per year, and this would cover 125 of them). If you limit to 2 sessions, you double
your potential look-back to almost a year (250 days out of the 252 average trading days each year), and for a single session, you double it yet again
to just under 2 years.
Note #2: As this indicator tracks open, high, low, and close for each session, it can potentially be enhanced (or forked) to construct "session candles".
I'm not sure what use this would be to anyone, but the pieces are there should someone find a use for it.
While it would be easy to add alerts on sessions opening/closing, I didn't see a purpose or value in that as it would be little more than a
glorified alarm clock. If I get enough demand to add them, I will gladly consider it.
ALL TIME HIGH/LOW AND 52 WEEKS HIGH/LOWThis script show:
1. All time high/low line shown in maroon color
2. 52weeks high/low line shown in red color
3. 25% below 52wh and 30% upper 52wl as per Mark Minervini suggset in his book "Trade Like a Stock Market Wizard: How to Achieve Super Performance in Stocks in Any
Market"
Thats all, hope benefit tou you all.
Thank you.
Combo Backtest 123 Reversal & High Low Bands This is combo strategies for get a cumulative signal.
First strategy
This System was created from the Book "How I Tripled My Money In The
Futures Market" by Ulf Jensen, Page 183. This is reverse type of strategies.
The strategy buys at market, if close price is higher than the previous close
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Slow Oscillator is lower than 50.
The strategy sells at market, if close price is lower than the previous close price
during 2 days and the meaning of 9-days Stochastic Fast Oscillator is higher than 50.
Second strategy
As the name suggests, High low bands are two bands surrounding the underlying’s
price. These bands are generated from the triangular moving averages calculated
from the underlying’s price. The triangular moving average is, in turn, shifted
up and down by a fixed percentage. The bands, thus formed, are termed as High
low bands. The main theme and concept of High low bands is based upon the triangular
moving average.
WARNING:
- For purpose educate only
- This script to change bars colors.
Cumulative High Low IndexThis indicator tells how many days it is making new HighLowPeriod highs or lows in Lookback period.
If bar makes new HighLowPeriod high, HighLow index for that bar is +1
If bar makes new HighLowPeriod low, HighLow index for that bar is -1
Cumulative high low index is sum of HighLow index for Lookback periods.
Optional moving average can also be applied on this index